TIME: TWO HOURS

SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS: ANSWER SEVEN QUESTIONS (ALL QUESTIONS ARE EQUAL VALUE). FULLY COMPLETE FRONT OF EXAMINATION BOOKLET.

INSTRUCTOR'S NAME: W.K. FLETCHER SECTION NUMBER: 202

1. Deformation of rock can be represented by graphs of stress versus strain. Draw a typical stress-strain curve and label the segments of the curve. Summarize the factors that control whether deformation of a rock will be by brittle or ductile deformation.
2. In areas of complex folds geologists often have to rely on small-scale structures to determine if folded beds are the rightway-up or inverted. Sketch a recumbent fold showing some of the criteria you might use to help decide which limb is rightway-up and which is inverted.
3. Most of the Canadian land surface has been affected by glaciation. Summarize the kind of landforms you would expect to find in a region where stagnant ice has melted and describe how the landforms would have formed.
4. You are responsible for setting up a science display at a ski resort: make a poster (i.e. draw and label some simple sketches) to explain the factors affecting the length of a glacier.
5. Describe how a river transports its bed load and suspended load. About 100 years ago miners rushed to western Canada to find placer gold deposits - how do placer gold deposits form and where in a river would you be most likely to find them?
6. One of the consequences of continent-to-continent plate collisions is uplift of the land surface. How might this change equilibrium in a river system and what evidence might you expect to see of the changes in equilibrium?
7. Large streams and river often show meandering or braided channel patterns. How do meanders develop and what might cause a meandering river to become braided?
8. You have won a luxury cruise across the Atlantic Ocean from Newfoundland to Ireland. Along the way you are going to stop and collect samples of rocks from the ocean floor. You will then determine the age of the rocks in the ship's laboratory. What kind of igneous rocks would you expect to find on the ocean floor and how would you expect their age to change from one side of the Atlantic to the other? What important geological deduction can you make from the age of the rocks?
9. Bowen's reaction series describes the order of crystallization of an igneous magma. Describe the series and explain how the composition of the magma would change if the crystals that form first were removed from the magma.
10. What factors influence the rate of flow of groundwater and what problems can results if the rate of pumping from a well exceeds the rate at which the groundwater supply is replenished?