TIME: TWO HOURS

SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS: ANSWER SEVEN QUESTIONS (ALL QUESTIONS ARE EQUAL VALUE). FULLY COMPLETE FRONT OF EXAMINATION BOOKLET.

INSTRUCTOR'S NAME: W.K. FLETCHER SECTION NUMBER: 202

1. You have won a luxury cruise across the Atlantic Ocean from Newfoundland to Ireland. Along the way you are going to stop and collect samples of rocks from the ocean floor. You will then determine the age of the rocks in the ship's laboratory. What kind of igneous rocks would you expect to find on the ocean floor and how would you expect their age to change from one side of the Atlantic to the other? What important geological deduction can you make from the age of the rocks?
2. Describe some of the early geological evidence that was used to support the idea of continental drift.
3. Subduction of oceanic crust is an important process along the west coast of North America. Describe in as much detail as you can what is going on and all the things that result from or are caused by the subduction process.
4. Sketch an idealized cross section of a valley, with springs and a stream, showing unsaturated and saturated zones and groundwater flow lines. Also use sketches to illustrate:
1. changes in the groundwater table as a result of overuse, and
2. geological conditions where incorrect waste disposal might lead to groundwater pollution.
5. Use a sketch to show the main features produced by a valley glacier. Describe the characteristics and origin of the main types of glacial drift.
6. Use sketches to illustrate the relative movement of rocks on either side of a: (i) normal fault; (ii) reverse fault; (iii) a left-lateral strike-slip fault. What kinds of forces result in (i) normal, and (ii) reverse faults?
7. Bowen's reaction series describes the order of crystallization of an igneous magma. Describe the series and explain how the composition of the magma would change if the crystals that form first were removed from the magma. What effect would this have on the composition and mineralogy of the last part of the magma to crystallize?
8. You are making a geological map in an area of metamorphic rocks. Going from west to east across the map area you find the following sequence of minerals chlorite, biotite, garnet, kyanite and then sillimanite. What conclusions do you reach and why?
9. As the last ice age came to an end, melting of the ice caused sea level to rise. Why would this have an effect on the transport and deposition of sediment by rivers and what effect would you expect it to have?
10. You are a geological engineer involved planning a new freeway in BC. You must identify various kinds of mass wasting hazards along the route. Classify the main kinds of mass wasting events to be considered and explain what might cause them?