TIME: TWO HOURS

SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS: ANSWER SEVEN QUESTIONS (ALL QUESTIONS ARE EQUAL VALUE). FULLY COMPLETE FRONT OF EXAMINATION BOOKLET.

INSTRUCTOR'S NAME: W.K. FLETCHER SECTION NUMBER: 202

1. Draw an anticlinal fold in which one limb has been overturned: show and label the fold axis and the axial plane. If you did not already know that the limb was overturned what way-up criteria or other evidence could you use to prove that this was the case (strongly suggest using sketches to illustrate your answer).
2. Use sketches to illustrate the relative movement of rocks on either side of a: (i) normal fault; (ii) reverse fault; (iii) a right-handed strike-slip fault.
   What geological settings in particular are associated with (i) reverse faults; and (ii) strike slip faults.
3. Describe the geological evidence for plate movements and describe how estimates of the rates of movement can be made.
4. Rivers often meander across their floodplains. To illustrate why this happens draw a plan and cross-section through a meander curve showing the shape of the bed, sites of erosion and deposition, velocities etc. What would likely happen to the floodplain if there was a drop in the base level of the river?
5. Summarize and describe the origin of the principal glacial deposits and landforms associated with a continental glacier.
6. Sketch an idealized cross section of a valley, with springs and a stream, showing unsaturated and saturated zones and groundwater flow lines. Also use sketches to illustrate: (i) changes in the groundwater table as a result of overuse, and (ii) geological conditions where incorrect waste disposal might lead to groundwater pollution.
7. Describe the nature of the movement of grains by wind in a desert environment. How does the abundance of sand and wind direction change the shape of the dunes?
8. What are the principal features produced by collision of ocean-ocean plates? Relate your answer to one place in the world where this process is now taking place.
9. The ocean crust and the continental crust are different chemically, mineralogically and lithologically. Summarize the main differences and explain their origin.
10. Bowen's reaction series describes the order of crystallization of an igneous magma. Describe the series and explain how the composition of the magma would change if the crystals that form first were removed from the magma. What effect would this have on the composition and mineralogy of the last part of the magma to crystallize?