What do I have to know for the final?

Final Exam Review Topics

Note that phase diagrams and topics from Part I WILL be on the exam

Part I

Classification of igneous rocks and their morphology:

Composition of common rock-forming minerals; Mineralogical and chemical descriptive rock terms (mafic vs. basic, acidic vs. felsic); Compositional types of magmas; Corresponding intrusive and extrusive rock names; Mode vs. norm; Classification based on SiO₂ saturation; Rock norm; The benefits and principles of CIPW normative calculation; What are structures vs. textures; Examples of these for igneous rocks and what they tell about petrogenesis; Volcanic landforms; Lava flow features; Chilled margin; Pillow lava, Columnar jointing; Morphology of intrusive bodies, Hypabyssal vs abyssal intrusive rocks

Textures of Igneous rocks:

Nucleation and growth of crystals; Euhedral and anhedral crystals; Influence of undercooling on crystal habits; Latent heat of crystallization; Origin of compositional zoning in minerals; Origin of magmatic layering; Magmatic resorption; Principal fabric attributes; Textures: phaneritic, aphanitic, porphyritic, poikilitic, ophitic, spinifex, trachitic; graphic, granophyric, perthite, antiperthite, exsolution lamellae

Crystal-Melt Equilibria and Phase Diagrams:

Phase; Liquidus; Solidus; Component; Degree of freedom; System; Variance of a system; Eutectic point, Peritectic point; Lever Rule; Gibbs phase rule; Continuous and discontinuous reactions; Binary solid solution phase diagrams; Use for equilibrium melting and crystallization; Ternary and binary eutectic phase diagrams with no solid solution; Use for equilibrium melting and crystallization; Binary peritectic phase diagrams; Use for equilibrium melting and crystallization; Incongruent melting; Bulk solid extract; Cotectic, Liquid line of ascent and descent; Solvus; Solid and liquid immiscibility; Principles of thermobarometry; Zoning as a manifestation of incomplete continuous reactions; Normal, reverse and oscillatory zoning.

Mantle, Mantle Melting and Mantle magmas:

Types of meteorites; Significance of meteorites for global petrogenetic constraints; Transfer of heat in the Earth; Geotherms and heat flow; Mantle petrology; Pyrolite; Depth facies of pyrolite (plagioclase, spinel and garnet peridotites); Occurrences of mantle rocks on the surface; Differences between oceanic and continental mantle; Differences between the continental mantle below rifts and cratons; Three main causes of melting; Tectonic and geologic settings where the three types of melting are realized; Melting as a result of heating; Decompression melting; Adiabate vs geotherm; Melting due to an influx of volatiles; "Wet" solidus vs “dry” solidus; The Clapeyron slope; Explanation of the shape of solidus by the melting reaction and its Clapeyron slope, Reactions of “wet” and “dry” melting.

Chemical petrology:

Major, minor and trace elements; Harker diagrams, Processes of magma differentiation; Use of major elements for classification and for constraints on magma differentiation. Application of Lever Rule to major element chemistry; Compatible and incompatible elements; Partition coefficient; Batch melting equation

Part II - topics studied after the Mid-term

Chemical petrology:

Rare Earth Elements; Lantanide contraction; REE normalization; REE patterns for partial melts and residues; Eu anomaly; Role of garnet in fractionation of HREE; Radioactive and radiogenic isotopes; Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isotopic systems; Growth curve of the Sr ratio and CHUR evolution; Temporal evolution of Sr and Nd ratios of residues and partial melts; Sr and Nd ratios as petrogenetic markers; Present-day values of Sr and Nd ratios for mantle and crustal rocks; Combined Sr-Nd plot; Geochemical reservoirs of asthenospheric, lithospheric depleted mantle, lithospheric enriched mantle and the crust; Bulk Silicate Earth and Subcontinental Lithospheric mantle; Spider diagrams; Nb trough and its use for paleotectonic reconstructions,

Petrogenesis of some rock types:

Basalts as mantle magmas; Mantle conditions (P, degree of melting) that control formation of tholeiitic basalts, alkaline basalts and picrites; What makes magmas evolve along the calc-alkaline or tholeiitic trends; Mineralogy of alkaline rocks; Layered mafic intrusions; Granitoids; S-I-A-M classification of granitoids; Origin of granitoids in different tectonic settings; Carbonatites; Fenites; Models of carbonatite origin; Kimberlites; Hybrid nature of kimberlites; Origin of kimberlites, lamprophyres and carbonatites in the metasomatised mantle; Metasomatism; Petrogenesis of anorthosites.

Tectono-magmatic associations:

Magmatic rocks of convergent and divergent plate margins; Intraplate magmatic rocks in oceans and continents; Structure of the oceanic crust; Ophiolites; Major and minor element chemistry of MOR basalt; MORB Isotope (Sr-Nd) chemistry; Petrogenesis of MORB; Evidence for formation of MORB in the depleted mantle; Why MORB magmas are not primary; Oceanic Island basalt (OIB); Temporal evolution of OIB; Minor element and isotope (Sr-Nd) chemistry of OIB; Evidence for formation of OIB in the fertile primitive mantle; Role of mantle plumes and hot spots in OIB genesis; Hawaiian magmatism; Continental Flood Basalts (CFB); Association of CFB with rifts, plumes and hot-spots; Why CFB magmas are not primary; Major, minor element and isotope (Sr-Nd) chemistry of CFB; Petrogenesis of CFB; Genesis of bimodal basalt-rhyolite associations; Continental rifts and their deep structure; Magma series and alkaline rocks of continental rifts; Petrogenesis of continental rift magmas; Island Arc (IA) Volcanism; Structure of island arcs; Principal source components in subduction zones (mantle wedge, subducted slab, etc.); Trace element and Isotope geochemistry of IA volcanics; Role of water in petrogenesis of subduction-related magmas; Role of dehydration reactions in magma generation in subduction zones; Petrogenesis of IA volcanics; Tectonic setting of calc-alkaline magmas; Continental Arc (CA) magmatism; Why CA plutonic rocks are not crystallized magma chambers of the CA volcanics; Cross-section through the Continental Arc; The Cascade magmatic arc; The Andean margin, Batholith belts; Petrogenesis of continental arc rocks; Growth of continental crust in subduction zones.