Mid-term will be held on 24 October, 11
am, in ESB 2012
What do I have to know for the mid-term?
Mid-Term Exam Review Topics - 2017
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Classification of igneous rocks and their morphology :
Composition of common
rock-forming minerals; Mineralogical and chemical descriptive
rock terms (mafic vs. basic, acidic vs. felsic); Compositional types of magmas;
Corresponding intrusive and extrusive rock names; Mode vs. norm; Classification
based on SiO2 saturation; Rock norm; The benefits and principles of
CIPW normative calculation; What are structures vs. textures; Examples of these
for igneous rocks and what they tell about petrogenesis;
Volcanic landforms; Lava flow features; Chilled margin; Pillow lava, Columnar
jointing; Morphology of intrusive bodies, Hypabyssal vs abyssal intrusive
rocks
Textures of Igneous rocks:
Nucleation and growth of
crystals; Euhedral and anhedral
crystals; Influence of undercooling on crystal habits; Latent heat of crystallization;
Origin of compositional zoning in minerals; Origin of magmatic layering;
Magmatic resorption; Principal fabric attributes; Textures: phaneritic,
aphanitic, porphyritic, poikilitic,
ophitic, spinifex, trachitic;
graphic, granophyric, perthite,
antiperthite, exsolution
lamellae
Crystal-Melt Equilibria and Phase Diagrams:
Phase; Liquidus; Solidus; Component; Degree of freedom; System;
Variance of a system; Eutectic point, Peritectic
point; Lever Rule; Gibbs phase rule; Continuous and discontinuous reactions;
Binary solid solution phase diagrams; Use for equilibrium melting and
crystallization; Ternary and binary eutectic phase diagrams with no solid
solution; Use for equilibrium melting and crystallization; Binary peritectic phase diagrams; Use for equilibrium melting and
crystallization; Incongruent melting; Cotectic,
Liquid line of ascent and descent; Solvus; Solid and
liquid immiscibility; Principles of thermobarometry;
Zoning as a manifestation of incomplete continuous reactions; Normal, reverse
and oscillatory zoning.
Mantle, Mantle Melting and Mantle magmas:
Types of meteorites;
Significance of meteorites for global petrogenetic
constraints; Transfer of heat in the Earth; Geotherms
and heat flow; Mantle petrology; Pyrolite; Depth facies of pyrolite (plagioclase,
spinel and garnet peridotites); Occurrences of mantle
rocks on the surface; Differences between oceanic and continental mantle; Types
of Alpine massifs; Why diamonds are absent in ophiolitic
massifs; Three main causes of melting; Tectonic and geologic settings where the
three types of melting are realized; Melting as a result of heating;
Decompression melting; Adiabate vs geotherm; Melting due to an influx of volatiles;
"Wet" solidus vs ÒdryÓ solidus; The Clapeyron
slope; Explanation of the shape of solidus by the melting reaction and its Clapeyron slope, Reactions of ÒwetÓ and ÒdryÓ melting.
Chemical petrology:
Major, minor and trace elements; Harker diagrams, Processes of magma differentiation; Use of
major elements for classification and for constraints on magma differentiation.
Application of Lever Rule to major element chemistry; Compatible and
incompatible elements; Use of trace elements for petrological
constraints; Use of trace element ratios for petrological
constraints; Partition coefficient; Batch melting equation