Figure 5. Schematic diagram of mantle plumes in the Earth’s interior with a view beneath the central Pacific Ocean showing the Hawaiian hotspot, a D” high-velocity reflector, and heterogeneity at the base of the lower mantle where mantle plumes may originate. Mantle plume head is hypothetical. Drawing modified from Garnero (2004) with parts of a plume model by Farnetani and Samuel (2005).