None of these are required for the course.

Other Interesting Books (for fun):

• H.B. Bluestein, 1999: Tornado Alley, Monster Storms of the Great Plains. Oxford Univ. Press. 180 pp.
• Burroughs, W.J., B. Crowder, T. Robertson, E. Vallier-Talbot, R. Whitaker, 2003: Weather Watching (The Nature Campanions series). Fog City Press, San Francisco. 480pp. ISBN 1-877019-57-7.
• Crichton, M., 2004: State of Fear. Harper Collins Publ. ISBN 0-06-621413-0.
• Davies, Pete, 2000: The Devil's Music. Face to Face with Nature's Deadliest Storm (Hurricanes). Penguin Books. 292 pp. paperback. ISBN 0-140-28801-5 .
• Doswell III, C. A., 2001: Severe Convective Storms. Meteorological Monographs, Vol 28, No. 50, Nov 2001. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 561 pp. ISBN 1-878220-41-1 .
• Egan, Timothy, 2006: The Worst Hard Time.  The Untold Story of Those Who Survived the Great American Dust Bowl.  Mariner Books.  ISBN-13: 978-0-618-77347-3.  340pp.
• T.T. Fujita, 1992: Memoirs of an Effort to Unlock The Mystery of Severe Storms. Dept. of Geophysical Sci., Univ. of Chicago. NTIS PB 92-182021. 298 pp.
• Grenci, L.M. and J. M. Nese, 2006: A World of Weather.  Fundamentals of Meteorology, 4th Ed. (A text / lab manual).  Kendall/Hunt Publ. Co., ISBN: 978-0-7575-2042-6.  780 pp.
• Junger,1997: The Perfect Storm, Norton. 227 pp.
• G.B. Knecht, 2001: The Proving Ground. Warner Books. 351 pp.
  ISBN 0-446-61185-9.
• D. Longshore, 2000: Encyclopedia of Hurricanes, Typhoons, and Cyclones. Checkmark Books. ISBN 0-8160-4291-8 . 372 pp
• D. Ludlam, 1991: Field Guide to North American Weather.  National Audubon Society.  Alfred A. Knopf.  655 pp.  ISBN 0-679-40851-7.
  
• T. Marshall,1995: Storm Talk, Marshall Publ. 223 pp.
• Mass, Cliff, 2008: Weather of the Pacific Northwest. Univ. of Washington Press.  ISBN-13: 978-0295988474.  281 pp.
• D. Muench and M. Muench, 2000: Primal Forces. Graphic Arts Center Publishing. ISBN 1-55868-522-7. 208 pp.
• R. Mundle,1999: Fatal Storm. Harper- Collins Publishers (Australia). ISBN 0-7322-6435-9. 319 pp.
• R. W. Pigott and B. Hume, 2009: Weather of British Columbia.  Lone Pine Publishing.  240 pp.  ISBN 978-1-55105-606-7. 
  
• Rauber, R.M., J.E. Walsh, and D.J. Charlevoix, 2008: Severe and Hazardous Weather, 3rd Edition.  Kendall Hunt Publ Co (1-800-228-0810), paperback 600 pp. ISBN 978-0-7575-5041-6. 
• Simpson, R, 2003: Hurricane! Coping with Disaster. AGU Special Publication 55. 360 pp paperback. ISBN 0-87590-297-9 .
• G.R. Stewart, 1941: Storm. Ballantine Books (1974) SBN 345-24205-X-175. 271 pp.
• Stull, R.B., 2000: Meteorology for Scientists and Engineers (2nd Ed.), Brooks/Cole Thomson Learning. 502 pages paperback.
  
• Vasquez, T., 2001: Weather Forecasting Handbook, 5th Ed. Weather Graphics Technologies, P.O. Box 450211 Garland, TX 75045. 198 pp paperback. (888)-388-0070. ISBN 0-9706840-2-9. 
• Vasquez, T., 2002: Storm Chasing Handbook. Weather Graphics Technologies, P.O. Box 450211 Garland, TX 75045. 286 pp paperback. (888)-388-0070. ISBN 0-9706840-3-7. 
• Vasquez, T., 2003: Weather Map Handbook.Weather Graphics Technologies. Garland, TX. 167pp paperback. ISBN 0-9706840-4-5. www.weathergraphics.com 
• Vasquez, T., 2006: Weather Forecasting Red Book. Weather Graphics Technologies, P.O. Box 450211 Garland, TX 75045. 286 pp paperback. (888)-388-0070. ISBN 0-9706840-6-1.
  
• .
  

Other Interesting Articles for fun.  (Included in green font are questions to help you focus on key points in the articles.)

=== Below are other interesting readings found before Fall 2021 ====

Topic: Phased Array Radar.    https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0067.1  . Weber et al, 2021: Towards the Next Generation Operational Meteorological Radar.  Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society.
Questions: What is a phased array radar?  What can it measure?  What are its advantages over traditional radars that were discussed in the textbook?       

Topic: Rainbows.     https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0101.1 .  Businger, S., 2021: The secrets of the Best Rainbows on Earth.  Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society.
Questions:  Describe the optics involved in rainbows.  Why are convective clouds ideal for the best thunderstorms?  (Hints: see the first page of Chapter 15 in our textbook.   Also skim the rainbow section of Chapter 22 in our textbook.)

Topic: Lightning Megaflashes.       https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0178.1  .  Peterson, M. 2021: Where are the Most Extradinary Lightning Megaflashes in the Americas?  Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 
Questions: What are lightning megaflashes, what causes them, where are they relative to thunderstorm clouds, and where in the world are they most frequent?

Topic: Satellites.     https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0082.1  .   Klaes, et al, 2021: The EUMETSAT Polar System.  Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 
Questions: What have been some of the meteorological successes/capabilities of the European polar-orbiting weather satellites?

=== Below are other interesting readings found before Fall 2020 ====

• Topic: Derecho.   https://www.weather.gov/dmx/2020derecho .  View this website and its associated links.
  Question: First give a 1-paragraph overview of this August 2020 derecho .  Then, describe what aspects of the August 2020 derecho were similar to, and what aspects were different, from the derecho description in our textbook (p494 INFO box)?
  
  
• Topic: Nighttime Thunderstorms.   Weckwerth et al, 2019: Noctural Convection Initiation during Pecan 2015.  Bulletin of the Amer. Meteor. Soc., 100(11 = November), p2223 - 2239.  DOI:10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0299.1   Download electronic copy from UBC Library.  If you cannot access this paper, see Off-Campus Access . 
  Question: (a)  What thunderstorm characteristics or behavior were used in this paper that we DID cover in class?  (b)  What are 3 things about thunderstorms in this paper that were NOT covered in our textbook & class, other than the fact that thunderstorms can start at night? 
  
  
• Topic: Monsoons   Sunil Amrith, 2020: The life and possible death of the great Asian Monsoon.  American Scientist, 108. No. 2 (March-April 2020), p114-119 . Download electronic copy from UBC Library.  If you cannot access this paper, see Off-Campus Access . 
  Question: Which aspects of the Asian monsoon will change due to the changing climate?  How will that affect people living in India?  What (if anything) can be done to mitigate the effects of changes in the monsoon?
  
  
• Topic: Effect of Climate Change on Hurricanes & Typhoons.    Knutson,et al, March 2020: Tropical Cyclones and Climate Change Assessment: Part II: Projected Response to Anthropogenic Warming  .   Bulletin of the Amer. Meteor. Soc., 101(3 = March), E303-E322. https://journals.ametsoc.org/bams/article/101/3/E303/345043/Tropical-Cyclones-and-Climate-Change-Assessment  .  Or download electronic copy from UBC Library.  If you cannot access this paper, see Off-Campus Access .  https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0194.1
  Question: Which aspects of tropical storms will change due to the changing climate?  How much will they change?  When will you see the changes?  What are the uncertainties in these predictions?  Assuming the climate change is not stopped, what actions are needed to reduce the negative effects on society of those tropical-storm changes?
  
  

=== Below are other interesting readings found before  Fall 2019 ====

• Topic: Lightning.   Martin Murphy, 2018: Locating Lightning, Physics Today (March Issue), p30-38,  .  Download electronic copy from UBC Library.  If you cannot access this paper, see Off-Campus Access . 
  Question: worth 0.5% bonus mark toward overall course grade:  (a) What types of lightning detectors are used, what are their wavelengths, and what are their strengths and weaknesses? AND (b) Compare and contrast the thundercloud electrification processes as discussed in this paper vs. in the Stull textbook.
  
  
• Topic: Atmospheric Rivers.  Ralph et al, 2019: A scale to characterize the strength and impacts of atmospheric rivers.  Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 100 (No. 2, Feb 2019), p269-289.  https://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/full/10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0023.1   .  Download electronic copy from UBC Library.  If you cannot access this paper, see Off-Campus Access .  Questions: worth 0.5% bonus mark toward overall course grade:  (a) What is an atmospheric river (AR) ?  (b) What are the units for the AR scale, and explain why or why not they make sense in terms of water-vapour transport topics covered in Stull's book.  (c) Make lists of both the hazards and benefits of ARs.
  
  
• Topic: Synoptic Weather Maps, Winds, and Forest Fires.  Cliff Mass and David Ovens, 2019: The Northern California wildfires of 8-9 October 2017: role of a major downslope wind event.  Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 100 (No. 2, Feb 2019), p235-256.  https://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/full/10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0037.1 .  Download electronic copy from UBC Library.  If you cannot access this paper, see Off-Campus Access . 
  Questions: worth 0.5% bonus mark toward overall course grade:  This paper uses satellite observations, surface station observations, soundings, and numerical weather prediction (NWP) to study the wildfires.  A substantial portion of this paper shows synoptic and mesoscale weather maps and cross-sections.  (a) Use what you learned in our course to explain how the fast winds that "fanned the flames" were associated with the pressure pattern (e.g., isobars) on the weather maps.  (b) What new info about fire weather did you learn that could help save your life?
  
  
• Topic: Hurricane Eyewall.  Fernandez-Caban et al, 2019: Observing Hurricane Harvey's Eyewall at Landfall.  Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society (BAMS), 100, (No. 5, May 2019),  p759-775 .  https://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/full/10.1175/BAMS-D-17-0237.1 .   Download electronic copy from UBC Library.  If you cannot access this paper, see Off-Campus Access .  Questions: worth 0.5% bonus mark toward overall course grade:  (a) For 3 or more concepts, methods, or tools that we had learned earlier in our course, briefly describe how they were used in this paper.  (b) Explain any new characteristic(s) about Hurricanes in this paper that were not in Stulls' book.
  

=== Below are other interesting readings found before Fall 2018 ====

• Topic: Wind Observations.  Thierry Dubois, 2018  "ESA’s Aeolus Satellite To Gauge Wind Globally", Aviation Week & Space Technology, 180 (12), p63.  Jun. 12, 2018,  http://aviationweek.com/space/esa-s-aeolus-satellite-gauge-wind-globally.  Download a free electronic copy from our course Canvas website (see link from our Canvas home page) .  If you cannot access Canvas, see Off-Campus Access .  Question: worth 0.5% bonus mark toward overall course grade:  (a) What was a factor that caused poor wind forecasts in the past, and how will the new satellite address this problem?  (b) What method does it use to make these measurements, and what are the limitations?
  
  
• Topic: Lightning Detection.   Walter Lyons, 2018 (March/April): How the Tiger Elve Got Its Stripes".  Weatherwise, 71 (2), p28-35.  ISSN: 0043-1672.  Download electronic copy from the UBC Library.  If you cannot access this paper, see Off-Campus Access .  Question: worth 0.5% bonus mark toward overall course grade:  (a) Why does the radius of an elve expand at the speed of light?  (b) Which transient luminous phenomena described in this paper were NOT discussed in our textbook?  Discuss them.  (c) What causes airglow, where does it happen, and how can you observe it?
  
  
• Topic: Global Circulation.  Darryn Waugh, Adam Sobel and Lorenzo Polvani, 2017: What is the polar vortex and how does it influence weather?, (BAMS) Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 98 (1), 37-44.  Download electronic copy from UBC Library. DOI:10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00212.1 .  If you cannot access this paper, see Off-Campus Access .  Question: worth 0.5% bonus mark toward overall course grade:  (a) What is the polar vortex, (b) how does it influence our weather, and (c) what aspects of it are new or different from the global circulation and jet stream topics discussed in our textbook?
  
  
• Topic: Extratropical Cyclone Evolution.  Wolf Read, 2017: The southeasterly windstorm trackway of Southwest British Columbia, CMOS Bulletin, 45 (1), p5-10. .  Download electronic copy from http://bulletin.cmos.ca/cmos-bulletin-scmo-vol-45-no-1-february-2017/  .  If you cannot access this paper, see Off-Campus Access .  Question: worth 0.5% bonus mark toward overall course grade:  (a) How [and (b) why] does the pace of cyclone evolution (from cyclogenesis through cyclolysis) compare with the rate of evolution discussed in our textbook, and (c) what meteorological factors are used to measure this evolution?

=== Below are other interesting readings found before Fall 2017 ====

• Topic: Tornadoes.  Orf et al, 2017: Evolution of a long-track violent tornado wthin a simulated supercell.  Bulletin of the Amer. Meteorological Society, 98 (#1, January), p45-68..  DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00073.1 .  Download electronic copy from http://journals.ametsoc.org/ .  If you cannot access this paper, see Off-Campus Access .  Question: worth 0.5% bonus mark toward overall course grade:  For the computer-simulated tornado, (a) what aspects of the simulation are realistic, (b) what aspects are not realistic, and (c) what aspects were able to be viewed in the simulation that cannot be easily seen in real tornadoes?
  
  
• Topic: Lightning Detection.   Füllekrug, M., 2017: Introduction to Lightning Detection.  Weather, 72, #2 (Feb), p32-35. doe:10.1002/wea.2810.  -AND-  Said, R., 2017: Towards a global lightning locating system.  Weather, 72, #2 (Feb). p36-40, doi:10.1002/wea.2952.  (Both articles are in the same issue of Weather.)   Download electronic copy from the UBC Library.  If you cannot access this paper, see Off-Campus Access .  Question: worth 0.5% bonus mark toward overall course grade:  (a) What are the characteristics or physical properties of lightning?  (b) Which of these characteristics can be detected remotely, and how is that detection done?  (c) Which of the detection methods is best?
  
  
• Topic: Haboobs.    Rooney, G.G., 2017: Haboobs, dust spouts and Lawrence of Arabia.  Weather, 72, #4 (Apr), p107-110.  doi:10.1002/wea.2840 .   Download electronic copy from UBC Library.  If you cannot access this paper, see Off-Campus Access .  Question: worth 0.5% bonus mark toward overall course grade:  What are the similarities and differences between the haboobs that T. E. Lawrence observed in Arabia and the modern description of haboob formation and characteristics as described in Stull's textbook?
  
  
• Topic: General Circulation simulations.    Virtually enhanced fluid laboratories for teaching meteorology.  Bulletin of the Amer. Meteorological Society, 98,  #9 (Sep), p1949-1959.  doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0075.1 .   Download electronic copy from http://journals.ametsoc.org/.  If you cannot access this paper, see Off-Campus Access .  Question: worth 0.5% bonus mark toward overall course grade:  Focus on Figures 6 - 8 and the associated text and online videos and websites.  What are the similarities and differences between the simulated aspects of the general circulation described in this paper vs. the formation and characteristics of general circulation as described in Stull's textbook?   Focus on the general-circulation results of the simulations (both lab tank and virtual), not on the methods of making the simulations.

• Topic: Weather Photography.   Walter Lyons, 2017: Photographing Weather in the Dark.  Weatherwise, 70, No. 4 (Jul/Aug 2017), 20-27.  (This is a very lightweight paper, so I will probably combine it with another paper.).  Download electronic copy from http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00431672.2017.1321923.  If you cannot access this paper, see Off-Campus Access .  Question: worth 0.5% bonus mark toward overall course grade:  XXX

• Topic: Thunderstorm Derecho   Corfidi et al, 2016: A proposed revision to the definition of "Derecho".  BAMS, 97 (#6, June 2016), p935-949.  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00254.1 .  Download electronic copy from http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/full/10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00254.1 .  If you cannot access this paper, see Off-Campus Access .   Also see a wonderful website about Derecho Facts:  http://www.spc.noaa.gov/misc/AbtDerechos/derechofacts.htm .
  Question: worth 0.5% bonus mark toward overall course grade:  What is a derecho, and how does the proposed new definition compare to the definition on p494 of our textbook?  Also, what are the major categories of derechos, and what are their characteristics?  Write essay answer in 1 page or less.  To be turned in along with HW 2.
  
  
• Topic: Doppler Radar for Typhoon.   Zhao et al, 2016: Doppler radar analysis of triple eyewalls in typhoon Usagi (2013).  BAMS, 97, (Jan 2016), p25-30. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00029.1.  Download electronic copy from http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/full/10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00029.1 .  If you cannot access this paper, see Off-Campus Access .
  Question: worth 0.5% bonus mark toward overall course grade:  What is an "eyewall replacement cycle", what are the characteristics of this replacement cycle, and what eyewall behaviors are discussed in this paper that are different than what was discussed in our textbook?  Write essay answer in 1 page or less.  To be turned in along with HW 3.
  
  
• Topic: Polar Satellite Orbits.   Trischenko et al, 2016: Multiple-apogee highly elliptical orbits for continuous meteorological imaging of polar regions.  BAMS, 97, (Jan 2016), p19-24 .  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00251.1 .  Download electronic copy from http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/full/10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00251.1 .  If you cannot access this paper, see Off-Campus Access .
  Question: worth 0.5% bonus mark toward overall course grade:  How does the Molniya Orbit Concept differ from weather-satellite orbits discussed in our textbook, why might this new orbit be particularly advantageous to Canada, and what are the difficulties associated with this proposed orbit?  Write essay answer in 1 page or less.   To be turned in along with HW 10.
  
  
• Topic: Mountain Weather   Elvidge and Renfrew, 2016: The Causes of Foehn Warming in the Lee of Mountains. BAMS97 (March 2016) p455-466. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00194.1 .  Download electronic copy from http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/full/10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00194.1 .  If you cannot access this paper, see Off-Campus Access .
  Question: worth 0.5% bonus mark toward overall course grade:  What is a Foehn?  What are the main mechanisms for creating a Foehn, and how do they differ from the ones discussed in our textbook?  Is there anything special or unusual about the Foehn's associated with the Antarctic Peninsula?  Write essay answer in 1 page or less.  To be turned in along with HW 12.
  

• Topic: Radar Satellite   Lisle et al, 2016: RADARSAT Constellation Mission (RCM) Status Update.  CMOS Bulletin, 44 (#3, June), p77-81 .  Download electronic copy from UBC library link at https://cmos.in1touch.org/document/2700/b4403.pdf .  If you cannot access this paper, see Off-Campus Access .
  Question: worth 0.5% bonus mark toward overall course grade:  YYY.  To be turned in along with HW XX.

• Topic: Satellites & Hurricanes   Ruf et al, 2016: New Ocean Winds Satellite Mission to Probe Hurricanes and Tropical Convection. BAMS97 (March 2016) p385-395. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00218.1.  Download electronic copy from http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/full/10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00218.1 .  If you cannot access this paper, see Off-Campus Access .
  Question: worth 0.5% bonus mark toward overall course grade:  YYY.  To be turned in along with HW XX.

• Topic: Lightning   Lyons, W., 2016: Lightning: Does it go down or up?  Weatherwise, 69, (#4, Jul/Aug 2016), 18-25 .  Download electronic copy from UBC library link at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00431672.2016.1182847 .  If you cannot access this paper, see Off-Campus Access .
  Question: worth 0.5% bonus mark toward overall course grade:  YYY.  To be turned in along with HW XX.

• Topic: Satellite & Severe Weather   Gravelle et al, 2016: Demonstraton of a GOES-R satellite convective toolkit to bridge the gap between severe weather watches and warnings.  BAMS, 97, (Jan 2016), p69-84 . DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00054.1 .  Download electronic copy from http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/full/10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00054.1 .  If you cannot access this paper, see Off-Campus Access .
  Question: worth 0.5% bonus mark toward overall course grade:  YYY.  To be turned in along with HW XX.
  
  

• Topic: Tornado Intensity and Damage.   Atkins, N.T., K.M. Butler, K.R. Flynn and R.M. Wakimoto, 2014: An integrated damage, visual, and radar analysis of the 2013 Moore, Oklahoma, EF5 Tornado.  Bulletin  American Meteor. Soc.. October. 95(10), p1549-1561. doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00033.1 .  Download electronic copy from UBC library link at  http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00033.1 . If you cannot access this paper, see Off-Campus Access .
  Question: worth 0.5% bonus mark toward overall course grade:  For this tornado, how do the actual tornado characteristics as observed by radar, visual observations/photos, and damage analysis compare to the idealized characteristics in our textbook?   Write essay answer in 1 page or less.  To be turned in along with HW 5.

  Topic: Effects of Lightning on People.   D. M. Elsom and J. D.C. Webb, 2014: Deaths and injuries from lightning in the UK, 1988-2012..  Weather, 69(8),  p221-226.  DOI: 10.1002/wea.2254 .  Download electronic copy from UBC library link at  http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/wea.2254/pdf  .
  If you cannot access this paper, see Off-Campus Access .
  Question: worth 0.5% bonus mark toward overall course grade:  What are the different ways that lightning can touch people, and how do these lightning strikes affect people?   Write essay answer in 1 page or less.  To be turned in along with HW 7.
  
  

  Topic: New Satellite Capabilities.  Schmit et al, 2015: Rapid refresh information of significant events:  Preparing users for the next generation of geostationary operational satellites.  Bull. American Meteor. Soc., 96 (4) April, 561-575.  doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00210.1 .  Download electronic copy from UBC library link at http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00210.1 . If you cannot access this paper, see Off-Campus Access .
  Question: worth 0.5% bonus mark toward overall course grade:  What weather phenomena was able to be detected by the new satellites that were not already discussed in the textbook, and how could these new info be used by society?   Write essay answer in 1 page or less.  To be turned in along with HW 10. 

  Topic: Hurricanes as Observed by Satellites.  Tourville, Stephens, DeMaria and Vane, 2015: Remote sensing of tropical cyclones: Observations from CloudSat and A-Train Profilers.  Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 94 (4) April), 609-622.  doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00282.1 .  Download electronic copy from UBC library link at http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00282.1 . If you cannot access this paper, see Off-Campus Access .
  Question: worth 0.5% bonus mark toward overall course grade:  What satellites are described in this paper that were not discussed in our textbook, and what wavelength or frequency bands did they use?  Also, discuss characteristics of tropical cyclones that are new or are different than what is discussed in our textbook.   Write essay answer in 1 page or less.  To be turned in at the start of the Final Exam.
  



• Topic: Hurricanes.  Halverson, J.B., 2015: Second wind: the deadly and destructive inland phase of East Coast Hurricanes.  Weatherwise.  68(2) (March/April), p20-27.  DOI:10.1080/00431672.2015.997562 .   Download electronic copy from UBC library link at http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00431672.2015.997562 .   If you cannot access this paper, see Off-Campus Access .
  Question: worth 0.5% bonus mark toward overall course grade:  XXX?   Write essay answer in 1 page or less.  To be turned in along with HW XXX.

• Topic: Hurricanes.  Zhang, F. & Y. Weng, 2015: Predicting hurricane intensity and associated hazards.  Bul. American Meteor. Soc., 96(1) January, 25-33. doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00231.1   Download electronic copy from UBC library link at http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00231.1 . If you cannot access this paper, see Off-Campus Access .  Question: worth 0.5% bonus mark toward overall course grade:  What are typical hurricane forecast errors, how do the vary, and how the resulting hurricane uncertainty be presented?   Write essay answer in 1 page or less.  To be turned in along with HW XXX.

• Topic: Radar Observations of Tornadoes.  Wurman, Kosiba, Robinson & Marshall, 2014: The role of multiple-vortex tornado structure in causing storm researcher fatalities.  Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 95(1), p31-45.   Download electronic copy from UBC library link at  http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00221.1  .
  If you cannot access this paper, see Off-Campus Access .
  Question: worth 0.5% bonus mark toward overall course grade:  What characteristics of a tornado caused the death of a storm-chase team, and how were these characteristics measured with radar?   Write essay answer in 1 page or less.  To be turned in along with HW 3.
  
  
• Topic: Effects of Lightning on People.   D. M. Elsom and J. D.C. Webb, 2014: Deaths and injuries from lightning in the UK, 1988-2012..  Weather, 69(8),  p221-226.  DOI: 10.1002/wea.2254 .  Download electronic copy from UBC library link at  http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/wea.2254/pdf  .
  If you cannot access this paper, see Off-Campus Access .
  Question: worth 0.5% bonus mark toward overall course grade:  What are the different ways that lightning can touch people, and how do these lightning strikes affect people?   Write essay answer in 1 page or less.  To be turned in along with HW 6.
  
  
• Topic: Tornado Outbreak  Knupp et al, 2014: Meteorological overview of the devastating 27 April 2011 tornado outbreak. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 95(7), p1041-1062 .  Download electronic copy from UBC library link at  http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00229.1  .
  If you cannot access this paper, see Off-Campus Access .
  Question: worth 0.5% bonus mark toward overall course grade:  What are the similarities and differences between this tornado outbreak and the ones discussed in class and in our textbook.   Write essay answer in 1 page or less.  To be turned at the start of class on Monday of Week 10.
  
• Topic: Typhoon  P.W. Chan, W.K. Wong & K.K. Hon, 2014: Weather observations by aircraft reconnaissance inside Severe Typhoon Utor.  Weather, 69(8), p199-203.  Download electronic copy from UBC library link at  http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/wea.2315/pdf  .
  If you cannot access this paper, see Off-Campus Access .
  Question: worth 0.5% bonus mark toward overall course grade:  What hurricane characteristics or behavior/evolution described in this paper are substantially different from those discussed in Stull's book?   Write essay answer in 1 page or less.  To be turned in at the start of the Final Exam.

• Topic: Radar.  Wurman, Kosiba and Robinson, 2013: In situ, Doppler radar, and video observations of the interior structure of a tornado and the wind-damage relationship.  Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 94(6), 835-846.   Download electronic copy from UBC library link at    http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00114.1 .
  Question: worth 0.5% bonus mark toward overall course grade:  What tornado characteristics described in this paper could be measured by the Doppler on Wheels (DOW)?   Write essay answer in 1 page or less.  To be turned in along with HW 2.
  
  
• Topic: Tornado.  Markowski and Richardson, 2013: How to make a tornado.  Weatherwise, 66(4), July/Aug.  p12-19.  Download electronic copy from UBC library link at   http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00431672.2013.800413 .
  Question: worth 0.5% bonus mark toward overall course grade:  What mechanism for the formation of strong tornadoes is discussed in this paper that is not discussed in Stull's book?   Write essay answer in 1 page or less.  To be turned in along with HW 5.
  
  
• Topic: Satellite.  Hillger, Kopp, Lee, ..., 2013: First-light imagery from Suomi NPP VIIRS.  Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 94(7), p1019 - 1029.  Download electronic copy from UBC library link at   http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00097.1
  Question: worth 0.5% bonus mark toward overall course grade:  What satellite channels and/or image quality/type capabilities exist on this new weather satellite that were not described in Stull's book about the previous weather satellites?   Write essay answer in 1 page or less.  To be turned at the start of class on Monday of Week 10.


• Topic: Hurricane.  Rogers, Aberson, Aksoy, ..., 2013: NOAA's hurricane intensity forecasting experiment.  Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 94(6), p859 - 882.  Download electronic copy from UBC library link at  http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00089.1
  Question: worth 0.5% bonus mark toward overall course grade:  What hurricane characteristics or behavior/evolution described in this paper are substantially different from those discussed in Stull's book?   Write essay answer in 1 page or less.  To be turned in at the start of the Final Exam.