CMAQ
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Overview
- *CMAQ is an acronym for the Community Multi-scale Air Quality
Model, a sophisticated atmospheric dispersion model developed by the US
EPA to address regional air pollution problems.*
- CMAQ is a first-principles scientific computer model that
comprehensively represents the most important processes affecting air
quality and atmospheric chemistry. Emissions from a wide range of
sources are included, as well as transport by winds and deposition due
to precipitation events. CMAQ uses an extensive database of atmospheric
chemical reactions to predict the chemical production and loss of
hundreds of pollutants as they are carried downwind from their sources.
In addition to gas-phase species, many pollutants exist partially or
wholly in airborne particles, giving them the potential to interact
with incoming solar radiation and clouds in complicated ways.
- CMAQ brings together three kinds of models:
- Meteorological models to represent atmospheric and weather activities.
- Emission models to represent man-made and naturally-occurring contributions to the atmosphere.
- An air chemistry-transport model to predict the atmospheric fate of air pollutants under varying conditions.
- *For example:
- Ozone forms in the atmosphere when nitrogen oxides interact with
volatile organic compounds in the presence of sunlight. Ozone is called
a "secondary pollutant" because
it is often not emitted directly, but is created in the atmosphere by
reaction from other "primary" pollutants that were emitted from cars,
factories, crops, forests, etc.
- Ammonium sulfate is formed in fine particulate matter when sulfuric
acid (formed largely in cloud water) interacts with gas-phase ammonia.
- *Meteorological conditions such as subsidence inversions found in
high-pressure regions decrease the amount of fresh air available for
dilution of air emissions, and increase the rate of production of
secondary air pollutants.
- .
Used For
- Regional (multi-state, multi-province, multi-country) smog prediction.
- Assessing the efficacy of regional emissions control strategies in reducing regional air pollution levels.
* from Wikipedia
Intro Lectures
Ozone (O3) in Greater Vancouver
Ozone Chemistry (simplified example using carbon monoxide CO)
- Focus on section 8.2 Tropospheric Ozone of free online Atmospheric Chemistry textbook, or get the whole book:
"Atmospheric Chemistry" by István Lagzi, Róbert Mészáros, Györgyi Gelybó, Ádám Leelőssy
"Copyright © 2013 Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
This book is freely available for research and educational purposes." https://ttk.elte.hu/dstore/document/848/book.pdf
- Note: Our HW-cmaq1 is based on this CO example, but using eqs from cmaq cb6.
- Also see summary of key chemicals, from Seinfeld & Pandis,
2006: "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: From Air Pollution to Climate
Change, 2nd Ed.", ISBN: 978-0-471-72018-8 . Wiley. 1232 pages.
Chemistry: Carbon-bond Mechanism v6 (CB6)
- List of CB6 chemical reactions and rate constants (Yarwood, 2010; extracted from the full report, see next link)
- CB6 Final Report (Yarwood et al, 2010). https://www.tceq.texas.gov/assets/public/implementation/air/am/contracts/reports/pm/5820784005FY1026-20100922-environ-cb6.pdf
- Slides from a presentation of CB6 carbon bond mechanisms by Yarwood et al 2010. https://www.tceq.texas.gov/assets/public/implementation/air/am/committees/pmt_set/20101014/20101014-GregYarwood-CB6.pdf
Chemistry: Carbon-bond Mechanism v7 (CB7) - proposed in 2021
- Yarwood, Shi, Beardsley, 2021: Develop CB7 Chemical Mechanism for CAMx Ozone Modeling. https://www.tceq.texas.gov/downloads/air-quality/research/reports/photochemical/5822121802020-20210630-ramboll-cb7.pdf
- xx
CMAQ
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Satellite photo of smog over
most of BC on 31 July 2018. Both photochemical smog and
forest-fire smoke. Stratus clouds & fog along the west coast.
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CMAQ Model
Version 5.4 (Apr 2023)
- Main CMAQ home page: https://www.cmascenter.org/cmaq/
- Link to documentation, Users Guide, and tutorials: https://github.com/USEPA/CMAQ/blob/main/DOCS/README.md
- Tables of photochemistry mechanism options for CMAQ: https://github.com/USEPA/CMAQ/blob/main/CCTM/src/MECHS/README.md
Version 5.3.3 (2021)
- Main CMAQ home page: https://www.cmascenter.org/cmaq/
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Version 5.3.1 (Dec 2019)
- Summary of CMAQ update 5.3.1. Appel et al, 2020: The Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) Model Versions 5.3 and 5.3.1: System Updates and Evaluation. Geoscience Model Development. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2020-345 . https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/14/2867/2021/
- Sixth CMAQ Peer Review Report, 2019. Barsanti et al, 2019: The Sixth External Peer Review of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) Modeling System. https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2019-08/documents/sixth_cmaq_peer_review_comment_report_6.19.19.pdf
Model Dynamics, Physics & Parameterizations
- Extremely complex. For a simple overview, see https://www.epa.gov/cmaq/overview-science-processes-cmaq .
- For details, see slightly outdated version at: https://www.cmascenter.org/cmaq/science_documentation/ .
- For operational guidance details, see: https://www.cmascenter.org/cmaq/documentation/4.7.1/Operational_Guidance_Document.pdf
- Other documentation is at: https://www.epa.gov/cmaq/cmaq-documentation .
.
Advection Schemes
- Stull's brief review of numerical methods for advection in regular grids.
See accompanying animations (zipped) created by Pedro Odon for
- Forward in time, Centered in Space (FTCS)
- Forward in time, Backward in Space (FTBS)
- Centered in time, Centered in Space (CTCS)
- (skipped)
- Runge-Kutta 3rd order in Time, Centered in Space (RK3CS)
- CMAQ Chapter 7 on Advection. https://www.cmascenter.org/cmaq/science_documentation/pdf/ch07.pdf
- Colella, P., & Woodward, P.R. (1984). The Piecewise Parabolic
Method (PPM) for gas-dynamical simulations, J. Comp. Phys., 54,
174–201. doi: 10.1016/0021-9991(84)90143-8 . http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0021999184901438
- Current version of fortran code for PPM horizontal 1-D advection: https://www.epa.gov/cmaq/access-cmaq-source-code and get the latest version. As of this writing it was
https://github.com/USEPA/CMAQ/archive/5.2.1.zip for version 5.2.1 (March 2018).
Then look in this path to get the hppm.F subroutine: CCTM/src/hadv/yamo/hppm.F
Code sources
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To view NetCDF and other types of input and output files, use the Panoply program:
a. download to your computer the Java 8 code (Mac users need to run Safari, and set Safari preferences Web to allow the NASA site to use the Java plug-in), then
b. download the Panoply program from NASA. https://www.giss.nasa.gov/tools/panoply/
- CMAQ Source Code. https://www.epa.gov/cmaq/access-cmaq-source-code
Resources
Links for the 2024 course:
Use links from previous years (see below), unless new links are provided here.
CMAQ installation tips in 2024 - v2 . This fixes some minor errors in v1, and uses a smaller font size so there are fewer extraneous hard line returns and blank spaces in the longer commands. This makes it easier to copy and paste these commands directly into your terminal window when you are accessing the computer cluster.
CMAQ installation tips in 2024 - v1 by our TA, Tim Chui.
Links for the 2021 course:
Use links from previous years (see below), unless new links are provided here.
CMAQ installation tips in 2021 by our TA, Tim Chui.
More Info:
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http://www.eos.ubc.ca/courses/atsc507/ADM/
Last updated 28 Mar 2024.
Copyright © 2018, 2021, 2024 by Roland Stull.