PAPERS and other reading
These are subject to change (reading beyond the current week is updated throughout the term).

If it is underlined then you have read it.


 Introduction to Earthquakes (Overview)
Pinter, N. and E. Keller, Active Tectonics: Earthquakes, Uplift, and Landscape, Second Edition, Prentice-Hall, 2002. Chapter 1 (pp. 1-48).
For Wednesday and Monday
Jan 12 and 17, 2011

Part 1
Lecture PDF

Part 2 (last half of Chapter 1)
Lecture PDF
Phenomenology: Gutenberg Richter statistics, Characteristic Earthquakes
Utsu, T., Statistical Features of Seismicity, in International Handbook of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology, Part A, in  Lee, W H K et al., eds., Academic Press, 2003 (pp. 719-732; we read and discussed pp. 719-724).
Mon Jan 25, 2011. link

Online presentations of the SSA 2010 Great Debate #2 about Gutenberg-Richter scaling vs. characteristic earthquakes: Morgan Page and David Schwartz (watched, looked at slides, answered questions and discussed.
Jan 25 and 27, 2011.)  http://www.seismosoc.org/meetings/2010/eqdebates/debate2.html


Elastic Rebound, Interseismic stressing, and the Earthquake Cycle
Thatcher, W., Present-day crustal movements and the mechanics of cyclic deformation, in The San Andreas Fault System, California, USGS Prof Paper 1515, R. E. Wallace, ed., 1990 (pp. 189-205).  link  
for Jan 31

Carrizo Plain GPS Assignment: PDF  GPS data file  
for Jan 31, due Feb. 9

 Segall, P., Earthquake and Volcano Deformation, Princeton U. Press, 2010. Chapter 2.  PDF  
for Feb. 2
Friction and instability. Rate-and-state friction, real area of contact, spring-slider model, minimum nucleation size.

Feb 7
Brace, W. and J. Byerlee. Stick-slip as a mechanism for earthquakes. Science (1966) vol. 153 pp. 990-992.

Feb 7 and Feb 9
Scholz, C., Earthquakes and friction laws. Nature (1998) vol. 391 (6662) pp. 37-42.

Feb 9
Moore, D. and M. Rymer, Talc-bearing serpentinite and the creeping section of the San Andreas Fault, Nature, 448, 795-797, 2007.  (Discussion led by Jenny Haywood)

spring slider demo and lecture notes. PDF.
Optional reading: tendency for low-friction faults to also be velocity strengthening? Ikari, Geology, 2011
Midterm Break
Stress in the crust: Anderson fault theory, strength of fault and stress orientations, strong motion seismology, stress drop in earthquakes

Feb 21  Brune, J. and W. Thatcher, Strength and Energetics of Natural Fault Zones, in International Handbook of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology, Part A, in  Lee, W H K et al., eds., Academic Press, 2003 (pp. 569-588).


Feb 23 Anderson, J., Strong Motion Seismology, in International Handbook of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology, Part B, in  Lee, W H K et al., eds., Academic Press, 2003 (pp. 569-588). Stress drop in quakes (lecture will borrow material from Brune 1970 and other sources), strong motion parameters, response spectra.
also NZ earthquake summary (Hearn). Discussion led by Bill Telford and Steven Fofonoff.
PDF

Strong motion, nucleation (observational paper), dynamic rupture propagation

Feb 28  Project proposal presentations.
Anderson, J., Strong Motion Seismology, in International Handbook of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology, Part B, in  Lee, W H K et al., eds., Academic Press, 2003 (pp. 569-588).    (Representation theorem, empirical Greens functions, source effects and propagation effects on strong motion.)

March 2  M. Bouchon et al., Extended Nucleation of the Mw 7.6 Izmit Earthquake, Science, 331, 877 (2011); DOI: 10.1126/science.1197341, 2011. (Discussion lead by J. F. Guertin).  Additional lecture material will preview/prep for Madariaga paper (rupture propagation) for next week.
Summary of one of this week's papers is due.
PDF

Dynamic rupture propagation

March 7 (Hearn will be absent - class cencelled.) Read Scholz, C., Mechanics of Earthquakes and Faulting, Chapter 4.2.

March 9  rupture propagation (why some quakes are big and others are not).  Propagation of rupture along heterogeneous frictional fault: Kaneko et al., Nature Geoscience, 2010.  
Summary of one of this week's papers is due.
PDF
Earthquake  Triggering

March 14  Sendai earthquake and finishing Kaneko et al.,  2010. Focal mechanisms.
PDF
Coulomb stress change and static triggering. R. S. Stein, The Role of stress transfer in Earthquake occurrence, Nature, 402, 605-609, 1999. 
Seismicity rate change and probability change based on rate-and-state friction (I will present material on this from Dieterich, J., and B. Kilgore, Implications of fault constitutive properties for earthquake prediction, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 93, 3787-3794, 1996).

March 16  D. Kilb, A strong correlation between induced peak dynamic Coulomb stress change from the 1992 M7.3 Landers, California, earthquake and the hypocenter of the 1999 M7.1 Hector Mine, California, earthquake, J. Geophys. Res., 107, doi:10.1029/2001JB000678, 2003.

Static and dynamic triggering - debate. (What will this M 9.1 event trigger?)
Summary of one of this week's papers is due.
Sendai earthquake web links emailed to students.


Postseismic deformation and triggering; the earthquake cycle

March 21 class cancelled.


March 23  Human-triggered earthquakes.  
Healey, J. H. et al., The Denver Earthquakes, Science, 161, 1301-1310. 1968. PDF

Deng, K. et al.,  Evidence that the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan Earthquake Could Not Have Been Induced by the Zipingpu Reservoir, BSSA, 100, No. 5B, pp. 2805–2814, November 2010, doi: 10.1785/0120090222. PDF

Lecture notes PDF

The earthquake cycle (modern data and models), Earthquake Forecasting

March 27   Nur, A. and G. Mavko, Postseismic viscoelastic relaxation, Science, 183, 204-206, 1974. PDF
March 29   Hearn, E.H., R. Bürgmann, R., and R.E. Reilinger, Dynamics of Izmit Earthquake Postseismic Deformation and Loading of the Düzce Earthquake Hypocenter,  Bull. Seis. Soc. Am., 92, 172-193, 2002.    PDF
(made mention of EQ cycle models as well)
Summary of one of this week's papers is due.
Lecture notes PDF
Cascadia Episodic Tremor and Slip; Project presentations

April 4     Episodic Tremor and Slip: observations and explanations. Rubinstein, J. L. et al. ,    in 287 S. Cloetingh, J. Negendank (eds.), New Frontiers in Integrated Solid Earth Sciences, International Year of Planet Earth, DOI 10.1007/978-90-481-2737-5_8, Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010. PDF
April 6     Project Presentations.
J. F. Guertin: Motions of the Ground in an Earthquake
Steven Fofonoff:  Seismic Hazard Assessment in Vancouver
Bill Telford:  Soil Liquefaction Caused by Earthquakes



Terry Tullis' lecture on earthquake simulators and extreme weakening of faults during slip is April 7.



Other links you may find useful for review

 Committee on the Science of Earthquakes, National Research Council of the National Academies, Living on an Active Earth, National Academies Press, 2003.
This book may be read online for free:
http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10493&page=R1

Notes from Charles Ammon (Penn State) for undergrad earthquakes course

EOSC 256 webpage (spring 2011)