The fossil record of adaptation and extinction emphasizing the interaction of biological and geological processes. Not for credit in Geological Sciences and Geophysics specializations.

The analysis and interpretation of structural deformation. 

Pre-requisites for this course are both EOSC 221 and EOSC 223, and one of EOSC 220 or EOSC 222

The origin and formation of igneous rocks. [2-3-0] Prerequisite: EOSC 221.

An introduction to life in the oceans, its variety and evolution; primary producers and their links to the environment, zooplankton, marine communities, living marine resources and their role in today's world. Not for credit for students in specializations administered by the Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences. (https://www.eoas.ubc.ca/undergrad/degrees).

An introduction to the Earth with emphasis on its industrial and aesthetic resources. Rocks, minerals, gold, diamonds, sediments, fossils, oil and gas, canyons, and volcanoes and the processes that create them. No background in Science or Mathematics is required. Not for credit for students in specializations administered by the Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences. (https://www.eoas.ubc.ca/undergrad/degrees).

Introduction to diversity of marine habitats and ecosystems; hydrothermal vent, intertidal, coral reef, estuarine, deep sea, and polar ecosystems; impacts of ecosystem change; evolution of ocean plankton; invasive species; climate change; pollution.

Measuring geological time and understanding Earth history using stratigraphic principles, paleontology and radioactive decay.

Optical mineralogy and the classification and genesis of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks. [2-3-0] Prerequisite: [EOSC220]