Measuring geological time and understanding Earth history using stratigraphic principles, paleontology and radioactive decay.

Introduction to diversity of marine habitats and ecosystems; hydrothermal vent, intertidal, coral reef, estuarine, deep sea, and polar ecosystems; impacts of ecosystem change; evolution of ocean plankton; invasive species; climate change; pollution.

An introduction to the Earth with emphasis on its industrial and aesthetic resources. Rocks, minerals, gold, diamonds, sediments, fossils, oil and gas, canyons, and volcanoes and the processes that create them. No background in Science or Mathematics is required. Not for credit for students in specializations administered by the Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences. (https://www.eoas.ubc.ca/undergrad/degrees).

An introduction to life in the oceans, its variety and evolution; primary producers and their links to the environment, zooplankton, marine communities, living marine resources and their role in today's world. Not for credit for students in specializations administered by the Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences. (https://www.eoas.ubc.ca/undergrad/degrees).

The fossil record of adaptation and extinction emphasizing the interaction of biological and geological processes. Not for credit in Geological Sciences and Geophysics specializations.

Principles of geophysical survey design, data acquisition, processing and interpretation with emphasis on near-surface problems. Magnetic, seismic reflection/refraction, electromagnetic and ground penetrating radar surveys. Case history analysis of environmental and geotechnical problems.

Physical and chemical processes and their controls on the distribution of plankton in the ocean.

Application of data analysis and empirical modelling strategies for conducting a data-oriented research in geosciences; from setting research questions and hypothesis to delivering and interpreting results. Examples are drawn from across the Earth, ocean, atmospheric and planetary sciences.

Foundational knowledge of the interactions between microorganisms and Earth's surface chemistry. This course is not eligible for Credit/D/Fail grading.

Theory, application and quantitative interpretation of potential field methods for use in exploring the interior structure of Earth and planets. Topics drawn from problems in geophysical exploration, geodesy, geodynamics, geomagnetism, planetary magnetic fields, heat flow and fluid flow.